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DISCOVER THE AESTHETIC OF METAL
316 Stainless Steel
316 stainless steel is a grade of stainless steel produced according to the American ASTM standards. In China, 316 stainless steel is equivalent to 0Cr17Ni12Mo2 stainless steel. In Japan, 316 stainless steel is also called SUS316.
At TOPSON, our 316 stainless steel inventory includes sheet, coil, plate, bar, and tube products. In addition to regular stainless steel, TOPSON also supports various surface treatments, including polishing, brushing, etching, PVD coating, embossing, and antique. Click the right button or the WhatsApp icon to contact us for an instant quotation.
Our Service
1. OEM&ODM also provides customized service.
2. Protect your sales area, design ideas, and private information.
3. Provide strict quality checks for each part and each process before export.
4. Provide complete post-sale service.
5. Provide Product Quality Certificate
Parameters
Due to its excellent properties, our 316 stainless steel is exported overseas and is widely used in various industries and applications where resistance to corrosive environments is critical. Here are some key parameters of TOPSON’s 316 stainless steel:
Properties
The popularity of 316 stainless steel is attributed to its excellent properties. Firstly, 316 stainless steel is non-magnetic in its annealed state. It contains a large amount of nickel that helps stabilize the iron phase, so the iron in 316 stainless steel remains austenite (γ iron) after cooling, a non-magnetic iron phase. Data show that the relative magnetic permeability of 316 stainless steel in the annealed state is typically K ∼ 1.002 to 1.005. Its magnetic susceptibility is slightly greater than other non-magnetic materials but is still well below the norm for magnetic materials. This property can be advantageous in certain applications, such as electrical and electronic equipment.
Secondly, 316 stainless steel maintains oxidation resistance at high temperatures. It can withstand temperatures up to 870°C (1600°F) for continuous use and 1120°C (2050°F) for intermittent use. During processing, the mechanical properties of 316 stainless steel can be modified to suit specific applications through heat treatment and cold working. Common treatment processes include annealing, stress relieving and hardening. Annealing refers to heating 316 stainless steel in a high-temperature furnace to 1010-1120°C (1850-2050°F) and then cooling it rapidly to eliminate internal stresses and improve flexibility. Unlike annealing, stress relieving is heating 316 stainless steel to 400-750°C (750-1400°F) and slowly cooling it to reduce residual stresses caused by welding or forming. 316 stainless steel cannot be hardened by heat treatment and is generally cold-worked to increase its hardness and strength.
316 stainless steel can maintain strong mechanical properties even at extremely low temperatures. Studies have shown that when the temperature drops to -80℃, the elastic modulus (E), yield (σ0.2) and ultimate (σu) strength of 316 stainless steel will be enhanced. Still, its ultimate (εu) and fracture (εF) strains and ductility will be affected and reduced. Therefore, in low-temperature environments, 316 stainless steel is mainly used for liquefied natural gas containers, pressure vessels and nuclear reactors. With the development of technology, 316 stainless steel can also be used to build offshore bridges in cold areas.
Deep drawing is one of the most important sheet metal forming processes in the automotive, aerospace, and nuclear industries. With its great formability, 316 stainless steel is the best material for deep drawing. Research by ScienceDirect shows that the formability of 316 stainless steel was found to enhance with increasing temperature by deep drawing circular blanks at room temperature, 150 °C, and 300°C using a 20-ton hydraulic press and a furnace.
If your project requires complex shapes, 316 stainless steel will be a unique choice. It can be readily formed into various shapes and displays excellent weldability, allowing for easy fabrication and joining.
Mechanical properties of SS 316 at various temperatures.
Temperature
Youngs modulus (in GPa)
Yield strength (in MPa)
Strain hardening index (n)
Hardening co-efficient (K) (in MPa)
Room temp (°C)
205
191.34
0.3819
1106
150
194.4
175.63
0.3981
984.9
300
149.5
169.3
0.4002
872.5
450
147.2
163.7
0.4703
988.7
600
126.2
141.8
0.452
849.3
SS 316 vs. SS 316l vs. SS 316h
The main differences between 316L stainless steel, SS316, and 316H stainless steel are their carbon content, mechanical properties, high-temperature oxidation resistance, and application range. SS316 is middle-carbon stainless steel. Its carbon content is about 0.08%. The “l” in SS316L stands for Low, meaning low-carbon stainless steel. Its carbon content is below 0.03%. The “h” refers to High, so SS316H is high-carbon stainless steel. The carbon content of 316H stainless steel is between 316 and 316L, with a specific carbon content, which gives it high strength and hardness. 316Ti is the addition of Ti to SUS316 steel to improve the resistance to intergranular corrosion. It is often used in equipment that resists sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, and acetic acid.
Compositions of 316 Series (%)
Grade
C
Si
Mn
P
S
Ni
Cr
Mo
Ti
316L
0.03
0.75
2.00
0.045
0.03
10.00-14.00
16.00-18.00
2.00-3.00
316
0.08
0.75
2.00
0.045
0.03
10.00-14.00
16.00-18.00
2.00-3.00
316H
0.04-0.10
0.75
2.00
0.045
0.03
10.00-14.00
16.00-18.00
2.00-3.00
316Ti
0.08
1.00
2.00
0.035
0.03
10.00-14.00
16.00-19.00
1.80-2.50
0.20-0.70
Due to its low carbon content, 316L stainless steel has excellent weldability and can reduce the risk of intergranular corrosion. In contrast, 316 stainless steel may have intergranular corrosion problems during welding. Although 316H stainless steel has high toughness and plasticity, its welding performance is poor.
Regarding high-temperature hydrogenation resistance, 316H stainless steel has a higher decarburization resistance, so it is suitable for use under high-temperature conditions. It can be used for steel pipes and pipe fittings of boiler superheaters, heat exchangers, catalysts, condensers, etc., that require heat resistance. However, 316L stainless steel has weaker corrosion resistance under continuous high-temperature use.
With excellent corrosion resistance and weldability, 316L stainless steel is mainly used in printing and dyeing equipment and seawater corrosion-resistant facilities. Although 316 and 316H stainless steels can also resist corrosion from most chemical media, due to the advantages of 316L in welding and corrosion resistance, it is more commonly used in marine engineering, ship engineering, and other occasions that require higher corrosion resistance.
Get in Touch with Us
Topson Stainless Steel stocks hundreds of surfaces and sizes of 316 stainless steel sheets and coils for your specific project needs. Want to purchase in bulk? Contact us for more information today. And our sales will contact you within 24 hours.
What is marine grade stainless steel
In general, stainless steel has superior corrosion resistance. Do all grades of stainless steel maintain good corrosion resistance in all environments? No, most stainless steels (SS201, SS304, etc.) will still rust when exposed to extreme environments (such as salt water or marine environments). Seawater’s sodium chloride (or salt) attacks the surface chromium oxide scale and restricts its natural reformation, leaving the base, iron-rich metal exposed and susceptible to pitting or crevice corrosion.
You may ask: Is stainless steel suitable for marine environments? Yes, 316 stainless steel and 316L stainless steel are commonly referred to in the industry as marine-grade stainless steel. This is because 316 and 316L contain relatively high levels of molybdenum (2.0 – 2.5%), which helps to prevent pitting or crevice corrosion caused by salt water. However, this also means that these grades of stainless steel are more expensive than other grades, such as 304.
316 stainless steel strength at elevated temperature
316 stainless steel can’t be hardened by heat treatment because its strength will gradually decrease at high temperatures. Its tensile strength will keep within 100°C. However, the yield strength decreases by 5% for every 100°C increase in temperature. It is not recommended to use it after exceeding 400°C. Therefore, special attention should be paid to using it in a high-temperature environment.
20℃, the 316 stainless steel’s tensile strength and yield strength are 520MPa and 205MPa.
100℃, the 316 stainless steel’s tensile strength and yield strength are 480MPa and 180MPa.
200℃, the 316 stainless steel’s tensile strength and yield strength are 450MPa and 160MPa.
300℃, the 316 stainless steel’s tensile strength and yield strength are 400MPa and 140MPa.
And so on…
Is 316 stainless steel magnetic
316 stainless steel has weak magnetism. Put a magnet on a 316 stainless steel product. If the magnet is barely attracted or the attraction is very weak, then it is likely genuine 316 stainless steel. Click here to learn more about “is stainless steel magnetic?”
Factors Affecting Magnetism in 316 Stainless Steel:
① Annealing:
In the annealed state, 316 stainless steel is typically non-magnetic due to its austenitic structure.
② Cold Working:
Cold working processes, such as bending, rolling, or machining, can deform stainless steel’s crystal structure and introduce magnetic properties.
③ Grades and Variants:
Due to variations in their composition, different variants of 316 stainless steel, such as 316L (low carbon) or 316H (high carbon), may exhibit slightly different magnetic properties.
④ External Factors:
External factors like temperature, stress, and magnetic fields can influence stainless steel’s magnetic behavior.
304 vs 316 stainless steel: what is the difference between them
The main difference between 304 and 316 stainless steel is the molybdenum(Mo) content. Mo is an alloy greatly enhances corrosion resistance, especially in environments exposed to salt or chlorides. 316 stainless steel contains 2% to 3% Mo, but 304 does not.
Density of stainless steel 316
The density of Stainless Steel 316 is 7.98 g/cm³ (grams per cubic centimeter) or 0.288 lb/in³ (pounds per cubic inch). The weight calculation formula of a stainless steel 316 sheet is Length * Wigth * Thickness * Density. For example, the weight of a 4×8 sheet with 1mm is 1219mm*2438mm*0.6mm*7.98/1000000=22.27kg.
Does 316 stainless steel rust
Remember that no stainless steel is completely corrosion-resistant. 316 stainless steel is corrosion-resistant because a protective chromium oxide scale forms on its surface. When the oxide layer is damaged, the main metal will corrode. To help extend the appearance and life of any stainless steel, care should be taken to ensure that the metal is cleaned regularly (to allow the protective chromium oxide layer to reform in time).